Kona-Physics World - Satyendranath Bose's Famous Letter

In today's update, we will discuss particles in physics. Particles are one of the elements of physics. So everyone should know. If you like it, please share it.

We look around us, we see people, plants, buildings, the sky, the moon, the sun, planets, stars, and galaxies, and we all know that they are all made up of atoms, and those atoms are made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons. You must be curious to know whether these electrons, protons, and neutrons are real fundamental particles, or are they also made up of something else? Are there any other particles besides these three? You have learned that these fundamental particles interact with each other through four types of forces, which are gravitational force, electromagnetic force, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force.

But did you know that these forces actually interact and exchange a type of energy particle? Which means that this physical world is made up of two types of particles, which are matter particles and energy particles. The branch of physics that discusses the division and interaction of matter particles and energy particles is particle physics. In this chapter, we will introduce you to the extraordinarily diverse world of particle physics, but to get a real idea of it, you will have to wait until you go much deeper into physics.

In 1921, the first university in Bangladesh, Dhaka University, began its journey, where Satyendranath Bose was appointed as a teacher in the Department of Physics. In 1924, he wrote a letter to Einstein from Curzon Hall, telling him that there was a slight discrepancy in Max Planck's calculations, and that it would have been better if the calculations were different. He wrote an article on how it should be. This young scientist requested Einstein to translate his article into German and publish it in a journal. Einstein immediately replied to the letter and arranged for Satyendranath Bose's English article to be translated into German and published in a journal. Because of Satyendranath Bose's work, half of the particles in the universe are called bosons after him.{alertSuccess}

This universe is made up of matter particles and energy particles, matter particles are called 'Fermion' and energy particles are called 'Boson'. So we can say that if any fundamental particle in this universe is taken, it will be either 'Fermion' or 'Boson' in a broad sense. The name Boson comes from the name of Satyen Basu, a Bengali professor in the Department of Physics of Dhaka University, and the name Fermion comes from the name of the Italian scientist Enrico Fermi. Fundamental particles Fermion and Boson have a very big property.

To put this property simply, it can be said like this: If they are exactly the same kind of particles, when they cannot be together, then it should be understood that it is Fermion. And when exactly the same kind of particles are together, then it should be understood that it is Boson. Electrons are fermions, so when you read the structure of atoms, you noticed that all the electrons cannot be kept in one energy level. When an energy level is filled with electrons of different properties, it has to move to the next energy level to make room for another electron. Again, light particles or photons are bosons. Because photons can exist in one energy level, it is possible to create such an intense laser beam of light.

Published in the June 2024 issue of Mehrab360

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